From Application to Approval: How Long Does a Citizenship by Investment Process Take?

Published: 10 February 2025

Are you considering getting a second passport through a Citizenship by Investment (CBI) programme?

It’s a smart move for many people looking for visa-free travel, better business opportunities, or a secure future for their families. However, one of the most common questions is: How long does the process take?

The answer varies depending on the country, the efficiency of their government, and how well-prepared you are.

In this guide, we’ll break down the steps, highlight the fastest (and slowest) CBI programmes, and share tips to help you get approved as quickly as possible.

Understanding Citizenship by Investment Programmes

CBI programmes allow individuals to obtain citizenship in a country by making a financial contribution, such as donating to a government fund or investing in real estate. These programmes are popular because they offer:

• Faster processing times compared to traditional residency-based citizenship routes.
• Visa-free travel to numerous countries.
• Business and tax benefits, depending on the destination.

However, while some programmes approve applications in as little as two months, others take over a year.

Factors That Affect Processing Times

How long will it take? Well, it depends on several key factors:

1. Due Diligence Checks

Every country with a CBI programme runs background checks to make sure applicants have a clean record. Some nations, like Malta, have stricter checks, which add time to the process. Others, like Saint Kitts and Nevis, offer accelerated processing options for an extra fee.

2. Submitting Correct Documents

Mistakes or missing paperwork can cause huge delays. Governments require proof of identity, financial records, police clearance certificates, and other documents. Your application can get stuck in review if anything is incorrect or incomplete.

3. Government Efficiency

Some countries have streamlined systems, while others may take longer due to bureaucratic delays. The speed of processing depends on how well the programme is managed and the number of applications it receives.

4. Programme Popularity

The more applicants a country gets, the longer the waiting time. For example, Portugal’s Golden Visa programme has faced major backlogs due to its popularity, causing delays of over a year in some cases.

Processing Times for Popular Citizenship by Investment Programmes

Caribbean Nations: Fast and Efficient

The Caribbean is home to some of the fastest CBI programmes in the world, with processing times ranging from 2 to 6 months.

• Saint Kitts and Nevis: 2–3 months (even faster with their “Accelerated Application Process”).
• Dominica: 3–6 months, depending on due diligence.

European Nations: More Time-Consuming

Europe offers high-value passports, but the process takes longer:

• Malta: 12+ months due to strict due diligence and residency requirements.
• Portugal: While not a direct CBI programme, its Golden Visa has delays stretching over two years due to a high number of applications.

Step-by-Step Process: From Application to Approval

If you’re applying for a CBI programme, here’s what to expect:

1. Initial Consultation

You’ll start by choosing a country and speaking with a licensed agent or consultant. They’ll assess your eligibility and guide you through the process.

2. Preparing Documents

This is a crucial step. You’ll need to gather:

• A valid passport
• Birth certificates
• Proof of funds and financial history
• A police clearance certificate
• Other documents, depending on the programme

3. Submitting the Application

Once everything is ready, your application is submitted to the government authority responsible for CBI. You may need to pay a processing fee at this stage.

4. Due Diligence and Background Checks

Authorities will verify your identity, financial status, and criminal record. Some countries process these checks quickly, while others take longer.

5. Approval and Investment Completion

Once approved, you must finalise your investment (such as purchasing real estate or donating to a national fund). After this, you receive your certificate of naturalisation and passport.

How to Speed Up the Process

Want to avoid delays? Follow these tips:

1. Choose a Country with Fast Processing

If time is a concern, consider Saint Kitts and Nevis or Dominica, which process applications in under six months.

2. Submit Complete and Accurate Documents

Double-check your paperwork before submitting it. Missing or incorrect information is one of the biggest causes of processing delays.

3. Work with Trusted Experts

A reputable CBI firm can help you prepare documents correctly and ensure your application moves smoothly.

4. Stay Up to Date with Policy Changes

CBI regulations can change, affecting processing times. Keep yourself informed to avoid surprises.

Common Challenges and Delays

While some people receive their passports in record time, others face unexpected delays. Here are some common reasons why:

• Government policy changes: A country may alter its CBI rules, affecting processing times.
• Extra due diligence checks: Some applicants require additional review, which extends the timeline.
• Document issues: Incorrect or incomplete documents result in applications being returned for corrections.

Final Thoughts

The time it takes to get citizenship through investment depends on the country, your paperwork, and government efficiency. While some programmes approve applicants in just a few months, others take over a year.

The best way to avoid delays is to choose a well-managed programme, submit error-free documents, and work with trusted professionals. With the right preparation, you’ll have your new passport in hand before you know it!

Are you thinking about applying for citizenship by investment? Get in touch with our team for expert guidance!